For every move, concept, principle, theory, or definition, there is an opposite and a reverse. If you can fully grasp this statement, you can "infinitely" expand your Vocabulary of Motion. Not only will this statement help you to expand your vocabulary, but also if properly understood and internalised, spontaneity will develop beyond your expectations.

Remember -- logic combined with realistic thinking is the key. You must thoroughly understand the terms opposite and reverse and learn to apply them appropriately. If there is a right inward block, then there must be a left inward block (the opposite of). If there are inward blocks, then there are outward blocks (the reverse of). Deductively, if there are inward overhead claws, then there are outward overhead claws, and if there are overhead claws there must be underhand claws, etc.

As part of your study for Second Degree Brown Belt you will be required to analyse and apply the above statement to every facet of Kenpo. This will place special emphasis on how this comprehensive statement applies to stances, manoeuvres, blocks, and strikes, including the Universal Pattern. Therefore, diligently study the Universal Pattern. Learn the many basics and the corresponding names that describe the various movements and Points of Reference contained in the Universal Pattern. Visualise the Universal Pattern on nine planes -- not one.

At this stage of your training you should have substantially internalised the basic concepts, theories, principles of technique movement, and the terms and definitions related thereto. Your basics, forms, techniques, and freestyle capabilities should clearly express your successful development of co-ordination, fluidity, speed, and power. Internalised with all of these aspects, as well as having an in-depth knowledge of the terms opposite and reverse, you are now ready for a formal introduction to man-made weapons. To refresh your memory man-made weapons are those implementations created or used by man to defend and/or aggressively use as a means of survival. Natural weapons are the body limbs, which we employ to defend ourselves.

The knowledge and skill acquired through 2nd Brown should aid your study of man-made weapons. Although employment of man-made weapons is no more than extensions of your present knowledge, they do demand higher levels of sophistication. Consequently, the need to fit and tailor each weapon to your specific body dimensions again applies. Anything contrary to employing the principles of proportional dimension will limit the full potential of your skills.

Your first introduction will be to learn to work with the staff. Although there are two methods of employing the staff, single-end or double-end, focus will be on the double-end staff.

Both methods require fitting the staff to your body dimensions. In the case of a single-end staff, proper measurements can be obtained by standing flat-footed and raising your right arm toward the sky with your arm and fingers fully extended.

The length of your staff can be established by (1) planting one end of the staff to the right of your right foot, (2) with the major portion of your staff placed alongside of your right thigh and raised right arm, and (3) the opposite end of your staff positioned inside of the palm of your right hand. You are to then mark the top of your staff just above where your middle finger ends. Cut the staff at this point and you are now ready to function more efficiently with a single-end staff.

For a double-end staff stand flatfooted and measure the length of your staff by having one end planted on the ground in front of you and the other end raised vertically past your eyebrows. Mark the top of your staff just above the level of your eyebrows, and cut the staff at this point. You are now ready to function more efficiently with two ends of the staff.

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Working with the staff will produce many benefits. Among them are:

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• Greater opportunity to increase muscle tone.

• Increased muscle awareness and flexibility.

• Increased consciousness of control.

• The value of confining moves to be more functional and effective.

• Increased perception when employing an extension to the limbs.

• Greater awareness of the usefulness and importance of joints.

• A deeper understanding of the importance of contouring.

• Co-ordination of intermittent use of natural weapons and man-made weapons.

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Continue to refine your knowledge of the many concepts, theories, and principles that enhance your self-defence techniques with or without man-made weapons. To expand your knowledge of Kenpo even further, you will be introduced to Master Key Techniques. With a rudimentary knowledge of Master Key Techniques you will be prepared for the major emphasis of this belt level -- freestyle. You must no longer perceive the concepts, theories, and principles of your self-defence and freestyle techniques as separate ideas.

"Isolation invariably leads to formulation.

Remember, "The Equation Formula is the Universal Pattern expressed with principles".